🔐 How HTTPS Works (Step-by-Step)
HTTPS = HTTP + TLS/SSL Security
It ensures secure communication between Client (Browser) and Server.
1️⃣ TCP Handshake (Connection Setup)
Before security, a reliable connection is needed:
Client → TCP SYN
Server → SYN + ACK
Client → ACK
✅ TCP connection established
2️⃣ Certificate Verification (Trust Building)
Client sends Client Hello
Server replies with:
Server Hello
SSL Certificate
Server Hello Done
🔍 Browser verifies:
Certificate Authority (CA)
Domain name
Expiry date
👉 Uses Asymmetric Encryption
Public Key (shared)
Private Key (server only)
3️⃣ Key Exchange (Security Setup)
Client generates a Session Key
Encrypts it using Server’s Public Key
Server decrypts it using Private Key
🔐 Both now have the same session key
4️⃣ Secure Data Transmission
Communication switches to Symmetric Encryption
Faster & efficient
All data is encrypted
📡 Client ⇄ Server
🔒 Encrypted HTTP data
🧠 Key Takeaways
✔ Asymmetric encryption → Key exchange
✔ Symmetric encryption → Data transfer
✔ HTTPS protects against MITM attacks
✔ Used on Port 443
📌 Why HTTPS Matters
Data confidentiality 🔐
Data integrity 🛡️
User trust ✅
SEO advantage 🚀
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